「首里城」は琉球王朝が残した世界遺産
沖縄観光スポットとしても有名な首里城。
那覇にあるため、空港からのアクセスもよく多くの観光客が訪れる場所です。
1429年～1879年までの約450年間、現在の沖縄県は琉球王国という王制の国でした。
琉球王国にはいくつもの城がありましたが、その中でも首里城は
13世紀から14世紀ごろに創設されたとされている、琉球王国最大の城です。
首里城は、琉球王制時代、中国や東南アジアとの貿易が盛んだった那覇港を
一望することができる小高い丘の上に建っています。
首里城は王家の居城でもあり、政治や外交の中心でした。
さらに周辺には芸能や文化が集まり、琉球の歴史を知る上で最も重要な場所といえます。
まさに沖縄のシンボルといっても過言ではありません。
琉球王国滅亡後は、駐屯地の兵舎や小学校として利用されていましたが
太平洋戦争の際にアメリカ軍の攻撃により全焼してしまいました。
現在の首里城は18世紀ごろの首里城をモデルに復元させた、復刻版・首里城なのです。
2000年12月には、首里城を含む “琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群” が世界遺産に認定されました。
首里城へのアクセス方法
1.モノレール（ゆいレール）で守礼門への行き方
首里駅または儀保駅にて下車。
どちらからでも徒歩20分で首里城入口に到着します。
2.レンタカー、タクシーで守礼門への行き方
那覇空港から約10km。車なら30分程度で到着します。
那覇市内方面に走り、58号線を北上。
泊交差点を右折し、県道29号線を直進し首里方面へ。
駐車場は「首里杜館 地下駐車場」
バス・乗用車専用で、50台～116台駐車可能です。
3.路線バスで守礼門への行き方
バスでは多数の行き方がありますので、最寄の路線を見つけてみてください。
市内線1・14・17に乗車 → 「首里城公園入口」バス停で下車し、徒歩5分。
市外線46に乗車 → 「首里城公園入口」バス停で下車し、徒歩5分。
首里城下町線7・8に乗車 → 「首里城前」バス停にて下車し、徒歩1分。
市内線9・13に乗車 →「山川」バス停で下車し、徒歩15分。
市外線25・97に乗車 →「山川」バス停で下車し、徒歩15分。
首里城の営業時間
時期によって開館時間が異なるので注意が必要です。
7月～9月／8：30～20：00
10月～11月／8：30～19：00
12月～3月／8：30～18：00
※チケット販売は閉館30分前までです。
※毎年7月第一水曜日とその翌日は休館日です。
【入館料金】
一般大人：￥820／大人（団体）：￥660
高校生：￥620／高校生（団体）：￥490
小中学生：￥310／小中学生（団体）：￥250
6歳未満：無料
首里城と周辺のみどころ
- 守礼門
琉球赤瓦の本瓦葺きでできており、ここが首里城の入口です。
「守礼」は「礼節を重んじる」という意味があります。
- 正殿
首里城の中心、最も大きな木造三階建ての建築物です。
ここでは政治・儀式を取り仕切っており、首里城の中で最も重要な場所です。
柱・梁等、あらゆる場所に国王の象徴でもある龍の彫刻が多数施されています。
- 御庭（うなー）
首里城内で目を引く、地面が紅白の中庭広場。
この紅白は、様々な儀式を行う際に、役人たちが位の順に並ぶための目印の意味がありました。
中央の道は、国王や外国の使者などの特別な人だけが通ることが許されました。
- 首里森御嶽（すいむいうたき）
城内にある礼拝所。琉球の神話には「神が作られた聖地」と記されています。
- 首里城ライトアップ
日没～24：00までの間、首里城周辺がライトアップされます。
閉園後は城内には入れませんが、首里周辺に宿泊の際には夜の散歩も良いかもしれません。
- 西のアザナ
首里城の西にある展望台。
那覇市街や那覇港を見下ろすことができます。
天気が良ければ慶良間諸島まで見渡せます。
- 玉陵（たまうどぅん）
歴代国王のお墓。ここも世界遺産です。
広さ約２４４２㎡。入場時は別途料金（大人３００円／小人１５０円）を支払います。
首里城を無料で楽しむ
今回、お金をかけずに首里城をどこまで楽しめるか実際に歩いてきました。
所要時間は約1時間半の散歩旅です。
まず、ゆいレールで首里駅に到着。歩いて首里城まで向かいます。
首里駅南口を出ると左手にラーメン屋が見えます。
道中、上の毛公園や首里公民館、ブルーシール（アイス屋）を横目に
赤瓦のローソンが見えたらもうすぐそこです。
ここまでで徒歩15分。
首里森館、歓会門方面を目指します。
石の城壁が見えてきました。
首里杜館に到着。
ここはお土産ショップや休憩所です。
おや？いつの間にか守礼門を通り過ぎていたことに気づき、来た道をやや戻ります。（汗）
守礼門。イメージよりも実際はやや小さかったです。
改めて歓会門に向かいます。
正殿まで行く途中にはいろいろな門があります。
それぞれの門には意味があるらしいのですが、登り坂で歩き疲れていたこともあり、諸々スルー（笑）
中に入る場合はプラス30分程かかります。
正殿に到着です。ここから中に入るためにはチケットが必要です。
大人￥820。以外とお高い・・・。
スタッフの方の服装も琉球時代を再現しています。
以前に正殿に入ったことがあるため、今回は奉神門から中をチラ見で我慢です（笑）
初めての人はチケットを買って、入ってみてください。
次に西のアザナ（展望台）を目指します。
ハブに注意の看板・・・
西のアザナに到着です。
那覇の街を一望です。風がなんとも気持ち良いです。
この時は17時頃でしたが、もう少し遅い時間なら夕日が見えると思います。
最後にカフェで一休み。
沖縄ぜんざいをいただきます。
優しい甘味が疲れた体に染みます。
帰りは龍潭（りゅうたん）と円鑑池を通って帰ります。
なんの鳥か分かりませんが、集団で道を占領してます。
人間が近づいても全く逃げません。恐る恐る通ります。
石畳や坂、階段が多いので、首里城に行く際には動きやすい服装やスニーカーがおススメです。
沖縄観光に欠かせない首里城。
琉球の歴史を感じ、見晴らしの良い首里城に是非行ってみてください！
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